Extrusion is defined as a process in which material is pushed through an
orifice or a die of given shape. The pushing force is applied
using a piston or a screw. Extrusion-technology is gaining
increasing popularity in the global agro-food processing industry,
particularly in the food and feed sectors. Extrusion cooking
technologies are used for cereal and protein processing in food.
Extruded breakfast cereal is one of ready-to-eat extruded products and
ideal food for people’s modern-day lifestyle, where speed and
convenience, as well as complete nutritional values, are desirable food
characteristics.
Historically, one can trace the use of a screw as a conveying
device to the Greek philosopher Archimedes, who used a single
screw in a cylindrical open channel to pump water uphill.
The first food extruder was designed to manufacture sausages in 1870s.
Breakfast cereal have been produced via extrusion since 1930s when it
was used to process making ready-to-eat (RTE) cereals to shape hot,
precooked dough.
In this application, the level of shear rate was low. Extrusion
technology has replaced the conventional method of boiling and then
drying the products and is a popular technique to make ready to eat
products.
During the late 1930s and 1940s, directly expanded corn curls
were made using extruders, which were characterized by extremely
high shear rates. The first patent on an application of
twin-screw extrusion technology was filed in the mid-1950s.
The extrusion cooking, especially used in the production of
precooked and modified starches, ready to eat cereals, and snack foods
has increased recently.
Evolution of Ice Cream Production: From Hand Cranks to Modern Machines
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The history of modern ice cream production machines is a fascinating
journey of innovation and technological advancement. Early methods of
making ice cream...